How do you handle JavaScript alerts and popups using Selenium?

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In Selenium, JavaScript alerts and popups (like alert, confirm, and prompt dialogs) are handled using the Alert interface. Selenium can switch to these alerts and interact with them (accept, dismiss, or input text).

Steps to handle JavaScript alerts:

  1. Switch to the alert:

  2. Accept the alert (click OK):

  3. Dismiss the alert (click Cancel):

  4. Get the alert text:

  5. Send input to a prompt alert:

Important Tips:

  • Always switch to the alert before interacting.

  • Use try-catch to handle unexpected alerts and avoid UnhandledAlertException.

  • You can verify if an alert is present using:

Selenium’s alert handling allows reliable automation of browser popups without interacting with the underlying page HTML, which is essential for validating client-side behaviors.

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