What are the best practices for dealing with synchronization issues in Selenium WebDriver using Python?

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Best Practices for Handling Synchronization Issues in Selenium WebDriver with Python:

Synchronization issues occur when Selenium interacts with elements before they are available. To avoid flaky tests, use the following best practices:

1. Use Explicit Waits (Best Practice)

Wait for specific conditions before proceeding:

Use conditions like:

  • presence_of_element_located

  • visibility_of_element_located

  • element_to_be_clickable

2. Avoid Implicit Waits for Critical Actions

Implicit waits can lead to unpredictable behavior:

Use explicit waits instead, as they provide better control.

3. Avoid time.sleep()

time.sleep() causes fixed delays regardless of readiness, slowing tests:

4. Use WebDriverWait with Page Load Events

Wait for page or AJAX elements:

5. Use Expected Conditions with Custom Waits

You can write custom conditions if needed:

6. Ensure Element State (Clickable/Visible)

Wait until the element is interactable:

Summary:

  • Prefer explicit waits over implicit or fixed waits.

  • Wait for visibility or clickability, not just presence.

  • Handle dynamic content with smart waits to reduce test flakiness and improve reliability.

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