How do you organize your Selenium tests in Python for better maintainability?

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To organize Selenium tests in Python for better maintainability, you should follow modular, scalable, and readable design principles. Here are key strategies:

1. Use a Test Framework (e.g., pytest or unittest)

Frameworks provide test structure, reporting, and setup/teardown functionality.

2. Adopt the Page Object Model (POM)

POM separates locators and actions from test logic. Each page is a class with methods to interact with elements.

3. Use Base Classes for Common Logic

Create a base page class for shared methods like click, wait_for_element, etc.

4. Organize Folder Structure

5. Externalize Test Data

Use JSON, YAML, or Excel files to separate test data from logic.

6. Use Explicit Waits

Avoid time.sleep(). Use WebDriverWait for dynamic content.

7. Logging and Screenshots

Log important steps and capture screenshots on failures for debugging.

8. CI Integration

Ensure your test suite integrates with tools like GitHub Actions or Jenkins for automated runs.

Proper structure improves test readability, reusability, and ease of maintenance.

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