What are some commonly used Selenium WebDriver methods in Python?

May 09, 2025

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Selenium WebDriver is a powerful tool for automating web browsers, and in Python, it offers various methods to interact with web elements, handle navigation, and control the browser during tests. Here are some commonly used Selenium WebDriver methods in Python:

1. Navigating the Browser:

driver.get(url): Opens the specified URL in the browser.
driver.back(): Navigates back in the browser's history.
driver.forward(): Moves forward in the browser’s history.
driver.refresh(): Refreshes the current page.

2. Locating Elements:

driver.find_element_by_id(id): Finds a single element by its ID.
driver.find_element_by_name(name): Finds a single element by its name.
driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath): Finds an element using XPath.
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector): Finds an element using a CSS selector.
driver.find_elements_by_class_name(class_name): Finds a list of elements by class name.

3. Interacting with Elements:

element.click(): Clicks on a web element.
element.send_keys(keys): Sends keystrokes to an input element.
element.clear(): Clears the text in an input field.
element.submit(): Submits a form.

4. Browser Window Handling:

driver.switch_to.window(window_handle): Switches between browser windows or tabs.
driver.switch_to.frame(frame_reference): Switches to an iframe.
driver.switch_to.default_content(): Switches back to the main content.

5. Waiting Methods:

WebDriverWait(driver, timeout).until(condition): Explicitly waits for a condition to be true (e.g., element visibility).

6. Getting Information:

driver.title: Gets the title of the current page.
driver.current_url: Gets the current URL.
element.text: Gets the visible text of a web element.

7. Handling Alerts:

driver.switch_to.alert: Switches to an alert pop-up.
These methods are foundational to interacting with web pages in automated testing or web scraping with Selenium in Python.

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